Yav dhau los, tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej ntawm Titanium thiab Titanium Alloys

1. Qhov chaw ntawm titanium hlau

 

Titanium hlau yog thawj zaug nrhiav tau los ntawm ib tug amateur mineralogist hu ua Gregor nyob rau hauv teb chaws Askiv nyob rau hauv 1791. Los ntawm 1795, German chemist Klaprus muab lub npe no tsis paub cov hlau khoom tom qab Greek vajtswv Titans. Txhais lus Suav-English rau "titanium". Titanium muaj ntau nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Muaj ntau tshaj 140 lub npe hu ua titanium minerals, tab sis cov ntawv thov kev lag luam feem ntau yog ilmenite thiab rutile. Ntawm lawv, Tuam Tshoj lub ilmenite reserves account rau 28% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no reserves, qeb duas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

 

Titanium yog cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom uas tau lees paub hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis nws cov mining thiab cov nqi tsim khoom yog siab thiab kim. Vim muaj ntau yam kev tsim nyog xws li qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, muaj zog acid thiab alkali tsis kam, siab zog, thiab qhov ntom ntom, nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau NASA tib lub foob pob hluav taws thiab satellite, thiab kuj tau siv hauv cov haujlwm loj xws li kuv lub teb chaws Yutu, J-20, thiab Shandong aircraft carrier. Tom qab nkag mus rau pej xeem kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1980s, nws tau dhau los ua "Tus Huab Tais Hlau" hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus vim nws cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab biophilic.

 

kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam titanium pib thaum xyoo 1950. Los ntawm nruab nrab -1960s, kuv lub teb chaws tau tsim sponge titanium thiab titanium ua cov nroj tsuag hauv Zunyi thiab Baoji raws, uas txhais tau hais tias Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua ib lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam titanium. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam titanium tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm kev loj hlob sai, thiab nws cov titanium ntau lawm muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

 

2. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntshiab titanium thiab titanium alloy

 

Ntshiab titanium:

 

Los yog hu ua kev lag luam ntshiab titanium los yog lag luam ntshiab titanium, nws yog graded raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurity ntsiab. Nws muaj cov txheej txheem zoo stamping kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm vuam, tsis hnov ​​​​tsw rau kev kho cua sov thiab hom qauv, thiab muaj qee lub zog raws li kev txaus siab plasticity. Nws lub zog tsuas yog nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm interstitial ntsiab oxygen thiab nitrogen. Cov khoom ntawm 99.5% kev lag luam ntshiab titanium yog: ceev P=4.5g/cm3, melting point 1800 degree, thermal conductivity λ=15.24W/(MK), tensile zog σ b{{8} }MPa, elongation: δ=25%, txo thaj tsam ψ=25%, elastic modulus E=1.078 × 105MPa, hardness HB195.

 

Titanium alloy:

 

Titanium alloy yog ib qho alloy uas muaj titanium thiab lwm yam khoom. Nws yog cov hlau me me, thiab nws muaj keeb kwm tsuas yog 60 txog 70 xyoo txij li thaum nws nrhiav pom. Titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb yuag, siab zog, tsis tshua muaj elasticity, kub tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj, thiab tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv aero-engines, foob pob ua ntxaij, missiles thiab lwm yam khoom. Titanium muaj ob hom allotropic crystals; titanium yog ib qho isomer nrog lub melting point ntawm 1720 degree, thiab thaum nws qis dua 882 degree, nws muaj ib tug kaw-packed hexagonal siv lead ua lattice qauv, hu ua titanium; saum toj no 882 degree, nws yog lub cev-centered Lub cubic lattice qauv, hu ua B titanium, siv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov saum toj no ob tug qauv ntawm titanium, thiab ntxiv tsim nyog alloying ntsiab kom maj mam hloov cov theem hloov kub thiab theem cov ntsiab lus kom tau titanium alloys. (itanium alloys) nrog cov qauv sib txawv.

 

Titanium alloy cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg raws li lawv cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm theem kev hloov pauv kub: ① Cov ntsiab lus uas ruaj khov rau theem thiab nce qib kev hloov pauv kub yog cov khoom ruaj khov, suav nrog txhuas, magnesium, oxygen thiab nitrogen. Ntawm lawv, aluminium yog lub ntsiab alloying ntawm titanium alloy, uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab kub kub, txo qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab nce elastic modulus. ② Cov ntsiab lus ruaj khov B theem thiab txo qis theem kev hloov pauv kub yog B cov ntsiab lus ruaj khov. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua isocrystal thiab eutectoid. Cov qub muaj xws li molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, thiab lwm yam .; tom kawg suav nrog chromium, manganese, tooj liab, silicon, thiab lwm yam. ③ Cov ntsiab lus uas tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau theem hloov pauv kub yog cov khoom nruab nrab, xws li zirconium thiab tin.

TA1 (American Standard Gr1)

 

TA1 (Gr1) titanium yog thawj ntawm plaub qib kev lag luam ntshiab titanium. Nws yog qhov softest thiab feem ntau malleable ntawm cov qib no. Nws muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws formability, zoo heev corrosion kuj thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam toughness. Qib TA1 yog cov khoom xaiv rau txhua daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau yooj yim ntawm formability thiab feem ntau muaj xws li titanium ntawv thiab titanium tubing.

 

TA2 (American Standard Gr2) qib

 

Vim nws muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab muaj dav, TA2 qib titanium hu ua "workhorse" ntawm kev lag luam ntshiab titanium kev lag luam. Nws muaj ntau yam zoo ib yam li TA1 qib titanium, tab sis muaj zog me ntsis. Ob qho tib si tiv taus corrosion. Qib no muaj qhov zoo weldability, lub zog, ductility thiab formability. Qhov no ua rau TA2 qib titanium pas nrig thiab phaj thawj qhov kev xaiv rau ntau daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim kho, tsim hluav taws xob, kev kho mob kev lag luam thiab ntau yam ntxiv.

 

TA3 (American Standard Gr3) qib

 

Cov qib no siv tsawg kawg yog cov qib titanium ua lag luam, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis ua rau nws tsis muaj nqis. Qib TA3 muaj zog dua qib TA1 thiab TA2, nrog rau cov khoom zoo sib xws thiab tsuas yog me ntsis formability - tab sis nws muaj cov khoom siv tshuab ntau dua li cov neeg ua ntej. Qib TA3 yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau muaj zog me ntsis thiab thawj corrosion kuj, xws li aerospace, tshuaj ua, kev lag luam marine, thiab lwm yam.

 

TA4 (American Standard Gr4) qib

 

TA4 qib yog suav tias yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm plaub lub lag luam ntshiab titanium. Nws tseem paub txog nws zoo heev corrosion kuj, zoo formability thiab weldability. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ib co airframe Cheebtsam, cryogenic hlab ntsha, tshav kub exchangers thiab lwm yam kev siv uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev daws teeb meem.

 

TA9 (American Standard Gr7) qib

 

Qib TA9 yog mechanically thiab lub cev sib npaug rau Qib TA2, tshwj tsis yog tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke palladium ntxiv los ua nws cov hlau. Qib 7 muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws weldability thiab cov khoom thiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion resistant ntawm tag nrho cov titanium alloys. Qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion resistant ntawm txo cov acids. Qib TA9 yog siv rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv ntau lawm. TA9 muaj zog corrosion kuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev txo cov kua qaub ib puag ncig.

 

TA9-1 (American Standard Gr11) qib

 

Qib TA9-1 zoo ib yam li Qib TA1, tshwj tsis yog tias ib qho me me ntawm palladium tau ntxiv los txhim kho corrosion kuj, ua rau nws ua ib qho alloy. Qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion no tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv crevice corrosion thiab txo cov kua qaub hauv chloride ib puag ncig. Lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig muaj xws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws ductility, txias formability, muaj txiaj ntsig lub zog, cuam tshuam toughness thiab zoo weldability. Cov hlau no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tib daim ntawv thov titanium raws li Qib 1, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov xav tau corrosion.

 

Ti 6Al-4V (National standard TC4, American standard Gr5, xws li

Qib 5 Titanium Sheet, Qib 5 Titanium Phaj, Qib 5 Titanium Bar)

 

Lub npe hu ua "workhorse" ntawm titanium alloys yog Ti 6Al-4V los yog qib 5 titanium, feem ntau siv ntawm tag nrho cov titanium alloys. Nws suav txog 50% ntawm tag nrho cov titanium noj hauv ntiaj teb. Nws siv tau nyob rau hauv nws cov txiaj ntsig ntau. Ti 6Al-4V tuaj yeem kho cua sov kom nws lub zog. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov qauv welded ntawm kev pabcuam kub txog 600 degree F. Cov hlau no muaj lub zog siab rau lub teeb yuag, muaj txiaj ntsig formability thiab siab corrosion kuj. Qhov muaj Ti 6AI-4V ua rau nws zoo tshaj plaws alloy rau siv nyob rau hauv ob peb industries xws li aerospace, kev kho mob, marine thiab tshuaj ua lag luam. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

 

• Lub dav hlau turbines

 

• Cav Cheebtsam

 

• Cov khoom siv dav hlau dav hlau

 

• Aerospace fasteners

 

• Kev ua haujlwm siab tsis siv neeg qhov chaw

 

• Kev siv dej hiav txwv

 

• Cov khoom siv ua kis las

 

Ti-6AL-4V ELI Titanium Bar (National standard TC4ELI, American standard Gr23) qib

 

Ti 6AL-4V ELI lossis TC4ELI qib yog ntau dua purity daim ntawv ntawm Ti 6Al-4V. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv coils, stranded xaim, xaim lossis xaim tiaj tus. Nws yog thawj qhov kev xaiv nyob qhov twg muaj zog, lub teeb yuag, zoo corrosion kuj thiab siab toughness yuav tsum tau. Nws muaj kev puas tsuaj zoo heev rau lwm cov alloys. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo no ua rau TC4ELI qib qhov kawg ntawm kev kho hniav thiab qib kho mob ntawm titanium. Vim nws biocompatibility, zoo qaug zog zog thiab tsis tshua muaj modulus, nws yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv biomedical daim ntaub ntawv xws li implantable Cheebtsam. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau cov txheej txheem phais kom ntxaws xws li:

 

• Orthopedic pins thiab screws

 

• Orthopedic cables

 

• Ligature Clip

 

• Kev phais phais

 

• Cov khoom siv kho hniav

 

• Hauv kev hloov pauv

 

• thawv ntim khoom siv cryogenic

 

• Cov khoom siv kho pob txha

 

TA10 (American Standard Gr12) qib

 

TA10 qib titanium muaj qib "Zoo heev" vim nws cov khoom zoo weldability. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv ruaj khov uas muab lub zog zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. TA10 qib titanium muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau 300 series stainless hlau. Cov hlau tuaj yeem yog kub lossis txias tsim siv xovxwm sib sau, hydroforming, stretch forming los yog poob phaus. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau txoj hauv kev ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau daim ntawv thov. Lub siab corrosion kuj ntawm no alloy kuj ua rau nws invaluable rau cov khoom tsim uas crevice corrosion yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb. Qib TA10 tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam thiab kev siv hauv qab no:

 

• Plhaub thiab kub exchanger

 

• Hydrometallurgical thov

 

• Kub kub chemical manufacturing

 

• Dej hiav txwv Freight thiab Airline Cheebtsam

 

Ti 5Al-2.5Sn

 

Ti 5Al-2.5Sn yog cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov-kho tau, uas tuaj yeem tau txais kev weldability zoo thiab ruaj khov. Nws kuj muaj qhov kub thiab txias stability, siab zog, zoo corrosion kuj thiab zoo creep kuj. Creep yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov yas yas tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau lub sijhawm ntev. Ti 5Al-2.5Sn feem ntau yog siv rau hauv dav hlau thiab airframe daim ntawv thov thiab cov ntawv thov cryogenic.