Kev npaj ntawm gr1 gr2 gr3 gr4 titanium phaj
Gr1 gr2 gr3 gr4 titanium phajyog grey hloov hlau yam ntxwv los ntawm lub teeb yuag, siab zog thiab zoo corrosion kuj. Vim nws cov khoom ruaj khov, zoo kub tsis kam, tsis kub tsis kam, muaj zog acid kuj, muaj zog alkali tsis kam, siab zog thiab tsawg ntom, nws yog hu ua "qhov chaw hlau". Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm titanium feem ntau yog titanium dioxide (feem ntau hu ua titanium dioxide), thiab lwm cov tshuaj muaj xws li titanium tetrachloride thiab titanium trichloride. Titanium yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws thiab ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, accounting rau 0.16% ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust, qeb thib cuaj. Titanium ores feem ntau suav nrog ilmenite thiab rutile. Ob qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm titanium yog lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab muaj zog corrosion kuj, uas txiav txim siab tias titanium yuav tsum muaj kev thov dav dav hauv aerospace, riam phom, lub zog, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, metallurgy, kev tsim kho thiab kev thauj mus los.
Titanium khoom smelting
Cov txheej txheem ntawm melting titanium raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab additives los tsim ntom ingots ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys yog thawj txheej txheem ntawm titanium khoom npaj.
Xyoo 1940, tus kws tshawb fawb Luxembourg JwKroll tau siv lub tshuab nqus tsev uas tsis yog siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau thawj zaug hauv Tebchaws Meskas kom yaj daim txhuam cev titanium thiab tau txais cov titanium ntom ntom. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1940, qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua lag luam tau ua tiav thawj zaug hauv Tebchaws Meskas, kos npe tias kev lag luam titanium smelting tau nkag mus rau theem kev txhim kho ruaj khov. Tom qab ntawd, yav dhau los Soviet Union, United Kingdom, thiab Nyij Pooj tau ua tiav lawv tus kheej titanium smelting industries nyob rau hauv nruab nrab -1950s.
Titanium daim txhuam cev smelting txheej txheem
magnestic txo
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov titanium hlau los ntawm kev txo cov titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) nrog magnesium yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm titanium hlau ntau lawm. Qhov kev txo qis yog ua nyob rau hauv qhov kub-kub, inert gas tiv thaiv huab cua, thiab cov khoom txo yog tsuas yog sib cais los ntawm cov hlau seem magnesium thiab MgCl2 los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation kom tau spongy hlau titanium.
Txoj kev txo magnesium thermal txo tau ua tiav los ntawm Luxembourg tus kws tshawb fawb Klauer hauv xyoo 1940, tseem hu ua Klauer txoj kev. Xyoo 1948, Lub Tuam Txhab DuPont ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau pib siv txoj kev no los tsim cov khoom lag luam daim txhuam cev titanium. Cov txheej txheem magnesia thermal txo cov tsoos yog los ua ke cov khoom siv distillation rau lub tshuab nqus tsev sib cais tom qab ua tiav kev txo qis thiab cov khoom txo qis yog txias. Nyob rau xyoo 1970, Soviet Union tau ua tiav txoj kev sib koom ua ke ib nrab. Thaum xyoo 1980s, Nyiv tau ua tiav txoj kev txo qis-distillation ua ke, hu ua txoj kev ua ke. Cov txheej txheem feature yog tias tom qab lub magnesia thermal txo ntawm TiCl4 tiav lawm, cov khoom kub txo tau ncaj qha mus rau lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation cais hlau magnesium thiab MgCl2 ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas yog ib tug loj technological kev kawm txij li thaum lub magnesia thermal txo txoj kev yog industrialized.
Sodium (Na) txo txoj kev
Kuj hu ua Hunter (Hunter) txoj kev, nws yog txoj kev tshawb fawb ntxov tshaj plaws uas siv los npaj titanium hlau.
Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) los ntawm txoj kev txo sodium yog raws nraim tib yam li ntawm magnesium thermal txo txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib qho chaw inert, titanium daim txhuam cev yog tsim los ntawm kev txo TiCl4 nrog Na, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog:
TiCl4 + 2Na=TiCl2 + 2NaCl (1)
TiCl2 + 2Na=Ti + 2NaCl (2)
TiCl4 + 4Na=Ti + 4NaCl (3)
Cov khoom tau txais kev txo qis yog ntxuav nrog dej kom tshem tawm ntsev, thiab thaum kawg cov khoom yog tom qab kho kom tau cov khoom titanium daim txhuam cev.
Raws li txoj kev txo cov txheej txheem, cov txheej txheem sodium tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib theem thiab ob-theem txoj kev. Hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog tias qhov txo qis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua tiav ib zaug raws li cov qauv (3), cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim daim txhuam cev titanium hu ua ib-theem txheej txheem. Hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog tias thawj kauj ruam yog npaj TiCl2 raws li cov qauv (1), thiab tom qab ntawd cov kauj ruam thib ob yog txuas ntxiv txo TiCl2 mus rau daim txhuam cev titanium raws li cov qauv (2), nws yog hu ua ob-theem txheej txheem. Tam sim no, ob txoj kev tau siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom.
